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Home  »  Climate Normals & Averages 1971-2000  »  Station Results

Notices:

As of November 19 2009, changes have been made to how Wind Chill and Humidex values are calculated. Please click here for further details. A detailed outline of these calculations can be found in the Glossary.

The Notice Inventory contains a record of all past and current Notices.

Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

NOTE!! Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

TORONTO *
ONTARIO
Latitude:43° 40.200' NLongitude:79° 24.000' WElevation:112.50 m
Climate ID:6158350WMO ID:71266TC ID:

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

Normals from to
January-June January-December+Year July-December
Temperature: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C) -4.2 -3.2 1.3 7.6 14.2 19.2 22.2 21.3 17 10.6 4.8 -0.9 9.2 A
Standard Deviation 2.7 2.5 2 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.4 2.5 0.8 A
Daily Maximum (°C) -1.1 -0.2 4.6 11.3 18.5 23.5 26.4 25.3 20.7 13.8 7.4 1.8 12.7 A
Daily Minimum (°C) -7.3 -6.3 -2 3.8 9.9 14.8 17.9 17.3 13.2 7.3 2.2 -3.7 5.6 A
Extreme Maximum (°C) 16.1 14.4 26.7 32.2 34.4 36.7 40.6 38.9 37.8 30 23.9 19.9
Date (yyyy/dd) 1967/25 1976/25 1946/28 1842/22 1962/18+ 1964/30 1936/08+ 1918/13 1953/02 1963/07 1950/01 1982/03
Extreme Minimum (°C) -32.8 -31.7 -26.7 -15 -3.9 -2.2 3.9 4.4 -2.2 -8.9 -20.6 -30
Date (yyyy/dd) 1859/10 1855/05+ 1868/03 1923/01 1854/06+ 1842/10+ 1843/12 1855/18+ 1842/22+ 1844/31 1875/30 1933/29
Precipitation:
Rainfall (mm) 29.1 26.2 42 63.2 73.3 71.5 67.5 79.6 83.4 64.7 67.3 41.9 709.8 A
Snowfall (cm) 38.2 26.6 22 6 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 8.1 32.2 133.1 A
Precipitation (mm) 61.2 50.5 66.1 69.6 73.3 71.5 67.5 79.6 83.4 64.7 75.7 71 834 A
Average Snow Depth (cm) 7 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 A
Median Snow Depth (cm) 7 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 A
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 63.5 43.4 43.7 59.7 68.6 63.5 98.6 93.5 87.9 86.9 79.5 49.5
Date (yyyy/dd) 1843/31 1855/13 1881/19 1850/03 1894/21 1957/28 1897/27 1905/15 1843/14 1954/15 1861/02 1870/05
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 39.9 45.7 40.6 21.1 7.6 0 0 0 0 12.2 30.5 48.3
Date (yyyy/dd) 1966/23 1846/20+ 1870/27 1901/20 1875/01 1840/01+ 1840/01+ 1840/01+ 1840/01+ 1969/21 1950/24 1944/11
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 52.3 52.6 43.7 59.7 68.6 63.5 98.6 93.5 87.9 86.9 79.5 49.5
Date (yyyy/dd) 1932/01 1965/25 1881/19 1850/03 1894/21 1957/28 1897/27 1905/15 1843/14 1954/15 1861/02 1870/05
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 65 38 29 19 3 0 0 0 0 13 20 41
Date (yyyy/dd) 1999/15 1971/14+ 2001/06 1979/09 1963/01 1955/01+ 1955/01+ 1955/01+ 1955/01+ 1969/21 1997/16 1977/12
Days with Maximum Temperature:
<= 0 °C 16.6 14.1 7 0.53 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 10.2 50 A
> 0 °C 14.4 14.1 24 29.5 31 30 31 31 30 31 28.5 20.8 315.3 A
> 10 °C 0.6 0.5 5 16.6 29.6 30 31 31 30 24.3 8.2 1.5 208.2 A
> 20 °C 0 0 0.47 1.9 10.9 23.5 30.1 29 16.2 2.9 0.2 0 115.2 A
> 30 °C 0 0 0 0.07 0.37 2 4.6 2.1 0.43 0 0 0 9.5 A
> 35 °C 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.53 A
Days with Minimum Temperature:
> 0 °C 3.8 5 11.7 24.8 30.9 30 31 31 30 30 21 9.4 258.6 A
<= 2 °C 29.4 26.3 24.4 9.8 0.27 0 0 0 0 2.6 14.3 26.7 133.7 A
<= 0 °C 27.2 23.3 19.3 5.2 0.07 0 0 0 0 1 9 21.6 106.6 A
< -2 °C 23.5 20.2 14.5 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 0.13 4.7 17 82.5 A
< -10 °C 10.3 7.7 2.2 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 4.2 24.6 A
< -20 °C 0.9 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.4 A
< - 30 °C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A
Days with Rainfall:
>= 0.2 mm 5.2 4.6 8 10.9 12.2 11.1 10.3 10.5 10.6 11.4 10.6 7.4 112.8 A
>= 5 mm 1.8 1.7 2.8 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.3 2.7 44.1 A
>= 10 mm 1 0.87 1.4 2 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4 3 2.1 2.2 1.4 23.7 A
>= 25 mm 0.17 0.07 0.13 0.33 0.37 0.47 0.43 0.8 0.67 0.27 0.33 0.2 4.2 A
Days With Snowfall:
>= 0.2 cm 12 8.7 6.4 2.2 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 3.2 9.5 42 A
>= 5 cm 2.6 1.7 1.5 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.43 2.3 9 A
>= 10 cm 0.9 0.57 0.57 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.67 3.1 A
>= 25 cm 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.1 A
Days with Precipitation:
>= 0.2 mm 15.3 11.7 12.7 12.1 12.2 11.1 10.3 10.5 10.6 11.4 12.7 14.5 145 A
>= 5 mm 4 3.2 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.2 5 4.5 52.3 A
>= 10 mm 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4 3 2.1 2.4 2.2 27 A
>= 25 mm 0.23 0.13 0.27 0.33 0.37 0.47 0.43 0.8 0.67 0.27 0.33 0.3 4.6 A
Days with Snow Depth:
>= 1 cm 20.6 18.7 11.2 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9 12.4 65.9 A
>= 5 cm 15.8 13.9 7.2 0.53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.72 7 45.2 A
>= 10 10 7.9 3.7 0.13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.34 3.1 25.1 A
>= 20 2.5 2.1 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 1.3 6.2 A
Wind:
Maximum Hourly Speed 64 69 129 64 80 43 48 37 42 55 64 72
Date (yyyy/dd) 1964/25 1964/23 1964/05 1964/21 1964/09 1964/10 1960/30 1968/14 1964/24 1965/31 1963/23 1963/24
Maximum Gust Speed 61 47 48
Date (yyyy/dd) 1955/22 1955/09 1961/03
Direction of Maximum Gust SW W W
Degree Days:
Above 24 °C 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 3.9 15.5 8.6 1.7 0 0 0 30.2 A
Above 18 °C 0 0 0.1 1.4 16.8 62.6 132.3 109 35.4 1 0 0 358.7 A
Above 15 °C 0 0 0.5 4.5 44 131.2 223.1 196.7 83.7 8.4 0.3 0 692.5 A
Above 10 °C 0 0 4.6 27.7 140 274.4 378 351.1 211.3 61.4 7.8 0.6 1457 A
Above 5 °C 2.2 2.8 24.1 102.3 285.3 424.4 533 506.1 360 177.4 49.4 7.2 2474 A
Above 0 °C 22.4 27.3 87.8 230.9 440.1 574.4 688 661.1 510 328.8 153.1 49.6 3773.5 A
Below 0 °C 153.2 118.6 47.9 3.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.4 78.2 409.7 A
Below 5 °C 288 235.5 139.1 24.7 0.2 0 0 0 0 3.6 54.7 190.8 936.6 A
Below 10 °C 440.9 374 274.7 100.1 9.9 0.1 0 0 1.4 42.6 163.1 339.2 1745.9 A
Below 15 °C 595.8 515.3 425.6 226.8 68.9 6.9 0.1 0.6 23.8 144.7 305.6 493.6 2807.8 A
Below 18 °C 688.8 600.1 518.2 313.8 134.7 28.2 2.3 5.9 65.5 230.2 395.3 586.6 3569.7 A
Bright Sunshine:
Total Hours 88.3 110.3 156.3 185.4 229.1 256.2 276.2 241.3 188 148.4 83.6 74.7 2037.6 A
Days with measureable 21.3 21.2 24.3 26.4 28.1 28.3 30 29.6 27.2 27.1 20.4 18.9 302.9 A
% of possible daylight hours 30.5 37.3 42.3 46.1 50.3 55.5 59.1 55.7 50 43.3 28.7 26.8 43.8 A
Extreme Daily 8.9 10.3 11.5 13.3 15 14.6 14.3 13.8 12.1 10.4 10.4 8.6 A
Date (yyyy/dd) 1989/22+ 1972/20+ 1973/27+ 1975/22 1996/30 1999/26 1997/19 1972/04 1986/01+ 1986/20 1975/04 1971/01+
Humidex:
Extreme Humidex 15.7 12.2 21.7 31.6 39.8 44.5 43 42.6 43.8 31.2 26.1 17.7
Date (yyyy/dd) 1967/25 1957/25 1963/30 1962/27 1969/29 1957/18 1964/28 1955/01 1953/02 1968/01 1961/03 1966/08
Wind Chill:
Extreme Wind Chill -36.6 -34 -26 -17 -7.9 4.9 10 6.4 -1.1 -7.5 -17.2 -33.6
Date (yyyy/dd) 1963/24 1963/07 1968/03 1964/04 1963/01 1964/04 1963/09 1965/30 1963/13 1965/29 1958/29 1962/30
Radiation:
Global (RF1) 153.7 227.2 378.8 478.2 599.5 652 677.4 578 418.1 283.5 146.7 120.6 4713.5 C
Extreme Global (RF1) 11.5 17 24.2 28.7 32.1 34.9 32.3 28.9 24.7 18.3 12.3 8.9
Date (yyyy/dd) 1978/30 1980/29 1963/31 1978/30 1964/25 1995/15 1964/05 1959/01 1976/02 1974/03 1958/01 1990/02
Extreme Diffuse (RF2) 5.9 7.8 11.6 12.6 14.4 15.9 15.8 11.5 9.7 7.5 5.8 4.1
Date (yyyy/dd) 1958/18 1958/18 1959/29 1957/28 1957/30 1958/15 1956/04 1957/14 1958/06 1957/11 1956/03 1956/13
 
Temperature:JanFebMarAprMayJunJul
Daily Average (°C)-4.2-3.21.37.614.219.222.2
Standard Deviation2.72.521.51.91.41.2
Daily Maximum (°C)-1.1-0.24.611.318.523.526.4
Daily Minimum (°C)-7.3-6.3-23.89.914.817.9
Extreme Maximum (°C)16.114.426.732.234.436.740.6
Date (yyyy/dd)1967/251976/251946/281842/221962/18+1964/301936/08+
Extreme Minimum (°C)-32.8-31.7-26.7-15-3.9-2.23.9
Date (yyyy/dd)1859/101855/05+1868/031923/011854/06+1842/10+1843/12
Precipitation:
Rainfall (mm)29.126.24263.273.371.567.5
Snowfall (cm)38.226.6226000
Precipitation (mm)61.250.566.169.673.371.567.5
Average Snow Depth (cm)7730000
Median Snow Depth (cm)7620000
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)7500000
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)63.543.443.759.768.663.598.6
Date (yyyy/dd)1843/311855/131881/191850/031894/211957/281897/27
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)39.945.740.621.17.600
Date (yyyy/dd)1966/231846/20+1870/271901/201875/011840/01+1840/01+
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)52.352.643.759.768.663.598.6
Date (yyyy/dd)1932/011965/251881/191850/031894/211957/281897/27
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)65382919300
Date (yyyy/dd)1999/151971/14+2001/061979/091963/011955/01+1955/01+
Days with Maximum Temperature:
<= 0 °C16.614.170.53000
> 0 °C14.414.12429.5313031
> 10 °C0.60.5516.629.63031
> 20 °C000.471.910.923.530.1
> 30 °C0000.070.3724.6
> 35 °C000000.10.4
Days with Minimum Temperature:
> 0 °C3.8511.724.830.93031
<= 2 °C29.426.324.49.80.2700
<= 0 °C27.223.319.35.20.0700
< -2 °C23.520.214.52.4000
< -10 °C10.37.72.20.07000
< -20 °C0.90.400000
< - 30 °C0000000
Days with Rainfall:
>= 0.2 mm5.24.6810.912.211.110.3
>= 5 mm1.81.72.84.24.74.54.1
>= 10 mm10.871.422.52.62.4
>= 25 mm0.170.070.130.330.370.470.43
Days With Snowfall:
>= 0.2 cm128.76.42.2000
>= 5 cm2.61.71.50.4000
>= 10 cm0.90.570.570.2000
>= 25 cm0.07000000
Days with Precipitation:
>= 0.2 mm15.311.712.712.112.211.110.3
>= 5 mm43.24.34.74.74.54.1
>= 10 mm1.71.42.12.32.52.62.4
>= 25 mm0.230.130.270.330.370.470.43
Days with Snow Depth:
>= 1 cm20.618.711.21.1000
>= 5 cm15.813.97.20.53000
>= 10107.93.70.13000
>= 202.52.10.30000
Wind:
Maximum Hourly Speed646912964804348
Date (yyyy/dd)1964/251964/231964/051964/211964/091964/101960/30
Maximum Gust Speed614748
Date (yyyy/dd)1955/221955/091961/03
Direction of Maximum GustSWWW
Degree Days:
Above 24 °C0000.10.43.915.5
Above 18 °C000.11.416.862.6132.3
Above 15 °C000.54.544131.2223.1
Above 10 °C004.627.7140274.4378
Above 5 °C2.22.824.1102.3285.3424.4533
Above 0 °C22.427.387.8230.9440.1574.4688
Below 0 °C153.2118.647.93.3000
Below 5 °C288235.5139.124.70.200
Below 10 °C440.9374274.7100.19.90.10
Below 15 °C595.8515.3425.6226.868.96.90.1
Below 18 °C688.8600.1518.2313.8134.728.22.3
Bright Sunshine:
Total Hours88.3110.3156.3185.4229.1256.2276.2
Days with measureable21.321.224.326.428.128.330
% of possible daylight hours30.537.342.346.150.355.559.1
Extreme Daily8.910.311.513.31514.614.3
Date (yyyy/dd)1989/22+1972/20+1973/27+1975/221996/301999/261997/19
Humidex:
Extreme Humidex15.712.221.731.639.844.543
Date (yyyy/dd)1967/251957/251963/301962/271969/291957/181964/28
Wind Chill:
Extreme Wind Chill-36.6-34-26-17-7.94.910
Date (yyyy/dd)1963/241963/071968/031964/041963/011964/041963/09
Radiation:
Global (RF1)153.7227.2378.8478.2599.5652677.4
Extreme Global (RF1)11.51724.228.732.134.932.3
Date (yyyy/dd)1978/301980/291963/311978/301964/251995/151964/05
Extreme Diffuse (RF2)5.97.811.612.614.415.915.8
Date (yyyy/dd)1958/181958/181959/291957/281957/301958/151956/04
 

NOTE!! Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

TORONTO *
ONTARIO
Latitude:43° 40.200' NLongitude:79° 24.000' WElevation:112.50 m
Climate ID:6158350WMO ID:71266TC ID:
Temperature:AugSepOctNovDecYearCode
Daily Average (°C)21.31710.64.8-0.99.2A
Standard Deviation1.21.11.51.42.50.8A
Daily Maximum (°C)25.320.713.87.41.812.7A
Daily Minimum (°C)17.313.27.32.2-3.75.6A
Extreme Maximum (°C)38.937.83023.919.9
Date (yyyy/dd)1918/131953/021963/071950/011982/03
Extreme Minimum (°C)4.4-2.2-8.9-20.6-30
Date (yyyy/dd)1855/18+1842/22+1844/311875/301933/29
Precipitation:
Rainfall (mm)79.683.464.767.341.9709.8A
Snowfall (cm)000.18.132.2133.1A
Precipitation (mm)79.683.464.775.771834A
Average Snow Depth (cm)000032A
Median Snow Depth (cm)000021A
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)000141A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)93.587.986.979.549.5
Date (yyyy/dd)1905/151843/141954/151861/021870/05
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)0012.230.548.3
Date (yyyy/dd)1840/01+1840/01+1969/211950/241944/11
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)93.587.986.979.549.5
Date (yyyy/dd)1905/151843/141954/151861/021870/05
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)00132041
Date (yyyy/dd)1955/01+1955/01+1969/211997/161977/12
Days with Maximum Temperature:
<= 0 °C0001.510.250A
> 0 °C31303128.520.8315.3A
> 10 °C313024.38.21.5208.2A
> 20 °C2916.22.90.20115.2A
> 30 °C2.10.430009.5A
> 35 °C0.0300000.53A
Days with Minimum Temperature:
> 0 °C313030219.4258.6A
<= 2 °C002.614.326.7133.7A
<= 0 °C001921.6106.6A
< -2 °C000.134.71782.5A
< -10 °C0000.074.224.6A
< -20 °C00000.11.4A
< - 30 °C000000A
Days with Rainfall:
>= 0.2 mm10.510.611.410.67.4112.8A
>= 5 mm4.44.74.24.32.744.1A
>= 10 mm2.432.12.21.423.7A
>= 25 mm0.80.670.270.330.24.2A
Days With Snowfall:
>= 0.2 cm000.073.29.542A
>= 5 cm0000.432.39A
>= 10 cm0000.170.673.1A
>= 25 cm00000.030.1A
Days with Precipitation:
>= 0.2 mm10.510.611.412.714.5145A
>= 5 mm4.44.74.254.552.3A
>= 10 mm2.432.12.42.227A
>= 25 mm0.80.670.270.330.34.6A
Days with Snow Depth:
>= 1 cm0001.912.465.9A
>= 5 cm0000.72745.2A
>= 100000.343.125.1A
>= 200000.031.36.2A
Wind:
Maximum Hourly Speed3742556472
Date (yyyy/dd)1968/141964/241965/311963/231963/24
Maximum Gust Speed
Date (yyyy/dd)
Direction of Maximum Gust
Degree Days:
Above 24 °C8.61.700030.2A
Above 18 °C10935.4100358.7A
Above 15 °C196.783.78.40.30692.5A
Above 10 °C351.1211.361.47.80.61457A
Above 5 °C506.1360177.449.47.22474A
Above 0 °C661.1510328.8153.149.63773.5A
Below 0 °C0008.478.2409.7A
Below 5 °C003.654.7190.8936.6A
Below 10 °C01.442.6163.1339.21745.9A
Below 15 °C0.623.8144.7305.6493.62807.8A
Below 18 °C5.965.5230.2395.3586.63569.7A
Bright Sunshine:
Total Hours241.3188148.483.674.72037.6A
Days with measureable29.627.227.120.418.9302.9A
% of possible daylight hours55.75043.328.726.843.8A
Extreme Daily13.812.110.410.48.6A
Date (yyyy/dd)1972/041986/01+1986/201975/041971/01+
Humidex:
Extreme Humidex42.643.831.226.117.7
Date (yyyy/dd)1955/011953/021968/011961/031966/08
Wind Chill:
Extreme Wind Chill6.4-1.1-7.5-17.2-33.6
Date (yyyy/dd)1965/301963/131965/291958/291962/30
Radiation:
Global (RF1)578418.1283.5146.7120.64713.5C
Extreme Global (RF1)28.924.718.312.38.9
Date (yyyy/dd)1959/011976/021974/031958/011990/02
Extreme Diffuse (RF2)11.59.77.55.84.1
Date (yyyy/dd)1957/141958/061957/111956/031956/13
Date Modified: 2009-04-30

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